SHABAN, Awaz Ahmed; ALMUFTI, Saman M.; RAJAB ASAAD, Renas; ISMAEL ALI, Rasan. Metaheuristic algorithms for complex optimization: a critical review of foundations, hybrid strategies, and surrogate modeling. International Journal of Information Technology & Computer Engineering , [S. l.], v. 5, n. 2, p. 28–46, 2025. DOI: 10.55529/ijitc.52.28.46. Disponível em: https://journal.hmjournals.com/index.php/IJITC/article/view/5883. Acesso em: 4 dec. 2025.