1. INTRODUCTION
Policy evaluation is a process for assessing or measuring the success of the policies implemented by comparing the results obtained with the policy objectives or targets [1]. Policy evaluation concerns the entire policy process and the performance of policies, especially evaluation of the implementation of public policies. Policy evaluation needs to be carried out to understand what happens after a policy is implemented or realized, so that it can be studied whether the policy was successfully realized or whether improvements need to be made [2].
Evaluation is aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of a policy. Evaluation is needed to assess how big the gap is between expectations and reality. Policy evaluation is important to determine the level of success of a policy by seeing how far a policy achieves the stated objectives [3]. The most basic function of conducting a policy evaluation is to provide valid information about the performance of the policy, as well as finding solutions to criticism of the values underlying the goals, targets and implementation of the policy [4].
The iCOVID-19 pandemic that occurred affected the community's economy and had negative impacts ion humans and society. In this case, people were initially free to carry out activities outside the home and now have to limit activities outside the home. This of course has a negative impact on people's income. This is because community obedience is driven by the choice to obey because of the threat of the pandemic, strengthening social solidarity and human values, togetherness in society at the rukun warga and rukun tangga levels, in addition to the existence of legal regulations that contain sanctions.
Various government programs have been implemented so that people are wiser in maintaining their health so that no one is exposed to iCOVID-19. However, most people think in partial terms and only want to benefit themselves, therefore it is not easy to encourage people to comply with health protocols and maintain cleanliness so that they can live healthy and not be affected by iCOVID-19. The community only submits it to the government so that the government can be accountable to the village head, elder law and village secretary. They think that by staying at home they assume that they are obeying government regulations, that the community is also responsible government and village security forces to stay healthy and not be exposed to COVID-19. Efforts to handle iCOVID-19 cannot be carried out in one direction in the sense of simply implementing government policies, but must be supported by readiness in various segments at the village level in implementing these policies. The village's large potential is a source of strength that must be optimized for handling iCOVID-19. In order to look at the handling of iCOVID-19, at least it can be seen from the perspective of village resilience and implementation of government program policies. If both are placed to support and strengthen each other, the existence of the village will prove that it has extraordinary readiness to face various disasters and pandemics, both social, economic and political, including the COVID-19 pandemic.
Based on population data in Kelambir Lima Kebun Village, Hamparan Perak District, Deli Serdang Regency, it is the village with the largest population compared to other villages. Apart from that, the existence of Kelambir Lima Kebun Village is also a village that borders directly ion Medan City, which is the entry and exit point for village communities to Medan City, and many residents make their living in Medan City. This research aims to analyze evaluation of the implementation of the iCOVID-19 response village in Kelambir Lima Kebun Village, Hamparan Perak District.
2. RELATED WORK
2.1. Public Policy
Public policy is the authority of the government to carry out its duties and functions in relation to society and the business world. Basically, government policy in organizing people's lives in various aspects is a policy that is oriented towards the public interest. The definition of policy is the principle or way of action chosen to direct decision making. Every public policy formulation begins with the formulation of problems that have been identified and then the implementation of the policy is aimed at overcoming problems that occur in society.
The meaning and substance of public policy, directly or indirectly, is widely known in society, along with various phenomena and activities that occur in the region regarding what the government does and does not do as a government policy maker. There are many opinions expressed by experts with various definitions.
According to [5], implementation refers to actions to achieve the goals set in a decision. This action seeks to change these decisions into operational patterns and tries to achieve large or small changes as previously decided. Implementation is essentially an effort to understand what should happen after the program is implemented.
2.2. On a Practical Level, Implementation is the Process of Implementing Basic Decisions. This Process Consists of Several Stages, Namely
1. Stages of ratification of legal regulations.
2. Implementation of decisions by implementing agencies.
3. Willingness of the target group to carry out the decision.
4. The real impact of decisions, whether desired or not.
5. The impact of the decision is as expected by the implementing agency.
6. Efforts to improve policies or laws and regulations. i
2.3. The Implementation Preparation Process Involves at Least Several Important Things, Namely
1. Preparation of resources,iunits,iand methods.
2. Translating policies into plans and directions that can be accepted and implemented.
3. Providing services, payments and other things on a regular basis.
Implementation includes action oriinaction by various actors, especially government bureaucrats, who are dedicated to creating a policy. So implementation is a process related to policies and programs that iwill be implemented by an organization ior institution, especially those related to state institutions and includes facilities and infrastructure to support the programs that willibe implemented.
2.4. COVID-19 Response Village
The implementation of Village Government based on Law Number 32 of i2004 is regulated based on the ideas of diversity, participation, genuine autonomy, democratization and community empowerment. Therefore, village government administration is a subsystem of government administration, so that villages have the authority to regulate and manage the interests of the community.
According to Law Number 6 concerning Villages, Villages are villages and traditional villages referred to by other names, hereinafter referred to as Villages, are legal community units that have territorial boundaries that have the authority to regulate and manage government affairs, the interests of local communities based ion community initiatives, rights. Origins, and/or traditional rights recognized and respected in the government system of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.
The increasing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the government to use village funds to control the spread of iCOVID-19. Therefore, village governments must adjust the use of village funds in i2020 by prioritizing users dealing with the iCOVID-19 pandemic. Village Minister Regulation Number i13 of i2020 Villages are an integrated effort to create villages without poverty and hunger, villages with an even economic growth, villages that care about health, villages that care about the environment, villages that care about education, women-friendly villages, networked villages, and culturally responsive villages to accelerate the achievement of sustainable development goals.
Permendesa PDTT 13 of i2020 concerning priorities for the use of village funds in i2021 still prioritizes the health of village communities and improving village economic conditions and in this Permendesa it is underlined that the iCOVID-19 pandemic is a disaster caused by non-natural factors, namely iCOVID-19 which threatens and disrupts life and livelihoods of village communities, resulting in loss of human lives as well as social, economic, health, and mental or psychological impacts ion humans.
The iCOVID-19 pandemic became a very critical issue in 2020, making economic problems in society need to be addressed in more depth. Village Funds as a tool to create a prosperous and prosperous society, when the iCOVID-19 pandemic hit and demand continued to increase and no one knew when this pandemic would end, the government took strategic policies to overcome the impact of the iCOVID-19 pandemic and efforts to restore the village economy. The Indonesian government itself responded to the warning of the COVID-19 outbreak with various steps, including handling positive COVID-19 patients, appealing to the entire community to implement social distancing and always maintain cleanliness. Another step taken by the government is by issuing Circular Letter Number i8 of i2020 concerning COVID-19 Response Villages and Affirmation of Village Cash iWork Intensives by the Minister of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration. This circular letter was issued ion March i24 2020, as a reference for village communities in terms of implementing the iCOVID19 Response Village and the use of village funds as an effort to strengthen the community's economy due to the impact of COVID-19.
The standards for handling iCOVID-19 are based on Circular Letter Number 8 of i2020 concerning iCOVID-19 Response Villages and the confirmation of village cash- intensive work by the Minister of Villages:
1. Doing education.
2. Registering people who iare vulnerable to illness.
3. Identify village facilities.
4. Spraying idisinfectant.
5. Collaborate iwith ireferral ihospitals or community health centers.
6. Follow up ion isolated residents.
7. Coordinating.
3. METHODOLOGY
This research uses a form of descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The descriptive approach with a qualitative approach according to [6] aims to describe and summarize various conditions, situations or social reality phenomena that occur in society. Researchers attempt to draw a picture of society's reality to the surface as a characteristic, character, trait, model, sign, or description of certain conditions, situations, or phenomena. Thus, this research will explain the reality of the problem which will be elaborated by researchers using existing data. According to Bogdan and Taylor in [7], qualitative research is a particular tradition in the social sciences which fundamentally relies ion observing people in their own area and relating to these people in their language and terminology.
[8] Are research subjects who can provide information about the phenomena and problems raised in the research. So, to obtain information that has clarity and accurate data, the author used a purposive sampling technique in determining research informants. The criteria for research informants are stakeholders and village non-governmental organizations that are implementers of iCOVID-19 response village policies in handling iCOVID-19 in Kelambir Lima Kebun Village, Hamparan Perak District, namely village heads, village officials, village health officers, community leaders, parties sub-district officers who are a team of iCOVID-19 volunteers and village communities. Data collection techniques are the most important thing to do in research, because this aims to obtain research data. This research requires data or information and information. [9] Qualitative research uses the following data collection techniques:
3.1. Primary Data Collection Techniques
The primary data collection technique is data collection carried out directly at the research location. Primary data collection was carried out using in-depth interviews, namely a data collection technique by asking direct questions to related parties with the aim of obtaining the required information. This interview method is intended for research informants who have been previously determined by the author.
3.2. Secondary Data Collection Techniques
Secondary data collection techniques are data collection techniques carried out through collecting literature that can support primary data. Secondary data collection techniques can be carried out using the following:
1. Documentation study is a data collection technique using notes or documents available at the research
location or other sources related to the research object.
2. Literature study is the collection of data obtained from books, scientific works, and opinions from
competent experts, and has relevance to the problem being studied.
Data analysis techniques for condensing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. Condensing data refers to the process of selecting, focusing, simplifying, abstracting and transforming data that approaches the entirety of written field notes, interview transcripts, documents and empirical materials. The conclusion is that this data condensation process was obtained after the researcher conducted interviews and obtained written data in the field, which later the interview transcripts were sorted to obtain the research focus required by the researcher. Presenting data is an organization, unification and conclusion of information. Presenting data here also helps in understanding the research context because it carries out a more in-depth analysis. Drawing conclusions here is carried out by the researcher from the beginning of the researcher collecting data, such as looking for understanding that does not have a pattern, noting the regularity of explanations, and the flow of cause and effect, the final stage of which is to conclude all the data obtained by the researcher [10]. From the explanation above, it can be concluded that qualitative research is a new finding, in other words the finding is still vague or unclear. Here the researcher tries to clarify by using theories that have been proven successful, then the researcher analyzes the new findings so that they become clear using components from data analysis.
In qualitative research, data validity techniques are a very important component in obtaining validation or trust in the results of the research that has been conducted. Data validity requires triangulation techniques in data collection and data consistency is needed so that it becomes valid and accountable data. Qualitative research is needed to test the validity of data to determine whether the findings or data reported by researchers match real-world events. The method of verifying the reliability of data or research results expands observations, increases the sustainability of research, triangulation, discussions with colleagues, and cultural case analysis and is carried out with membership tests. The data validity technique that researchers used in this research was the triangulation method. Method triangulation is carried out by comparing information or data with different means or methods. Researchers compared the results of interviews with observations made by researchers.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. General Description
Hamparan Perak District is one of the sub-districts in Deli Serdang Regency with an area according to the measurements of the District Head's Office of 230.15 km2 or 23,015 has and has 20 villages and 218 hamlets. In 2015, the population of Hamparan District iwas 170,065 people. Hamparan Perak iDistrict iis ilocated ibetween iMedan iCity, iBinjai iCity, Langkat Regency, iand ithe iStrait iof Malacca. The territorial boundaries are as follows:
- North: Borders Labuhan Deli District and ithe Sumatra Strait
- South: Borders Sunggal District and Medan City
- East: Borders Medan City and Labuhan Deli District
- West: Borders Binjai City and Langkat Regency Kelambir Lima Kebun Village is one of the villages in Hamparan Perak District with an area of 22.38 km2 and a population of 14,355 people and 5,061 heads of families whose livelihoods are 150 farmers, 750 state-owned company employees, 77 civil servants, and others.
Judging from the expanse of Kelambir Lima Kebun Village area, it is bordered by:
- North: Borders Klumpang Kebun Village
- South: Bordersiwith TanjungiGusta
- East: Borders with Helvetia
- West: Borders with Kelambir Lima Kebun iillage
4.2. The Research Location Map for Kelambir Lima Kebun Villageican be Describedias Follows
Education is the most important thing in a person's life. Through education, a person can be seen as respectable, have a good career, and can act in accordance with applicable norms. Education is a conscious and ethically threatened, systematic, intentional, and creative endeavor in which students develop their personal potential, intelligence, self-control, and skills to make themselves useful in society.
Education has an important role in a nation and is a means of improving human intelligence and skills. The quality of human resources really depends on the quality of education.
In the order to improve the quality of education, the provision of teachers is needed. The aim education is to create a person of quality and character who has a broad view of the future to achieve the desired goals and is able to adapt quickly and precisely in various environments. Because education itself motivates ius to be better in all aspects of life.
House of worship is a building or house built with a specific spatial purpose for worshiping Allah, especially prayer, called a mosque or prayer room.
House of worship is a building or house built with a specific spatial purpose for worshiping Allah, especially prayer, called a mosque or prayer room.
From the construction of houses of worship, it can be seen that the people in Kelambir Lima Kebun Village embrace Islam with the largest number of houses of worship being Islam, numbering 5 mosques and 18 surau or prayer rooms. Is a state of physical, social well-being that enables every person to live a socially and economically productive life. Health maintenance is an effort to overcome and prevent health problems that require examination, treatment or care, including pregnancy and childbirth. Health efforts are every activity to maintain and improve health carried out by the government and society.
Basically, health includes physical health which is realized if a person does not feel and complain of pain or has no complaints and is objectively capable of being sick. All body organs function normally or do not experience problems. Facilities in the health sector aim to ensure that all levels of society obtain health services easily, cheaply and evenly. By improving this service, it is hoped that it will improve the level of public health. There are many efforts made by the government to improve the level of society, including various facilities such as hospitals, health centers, medical staff, doctors, nurses, midwives, and others. Judging from the construction of health facilities in Kelambir Lima Kebun Village, there are quite a lot so that people's health can be maintained with the health facilities built so that they do not affect social welfare.
4.3. Evaluation of Ithe IImplementation of Ithe Covid-19 IResponse Village in Kelambir Lima Kebun Village, Hamparan Perak District
The implementation the iCOVID-19 iresponse ivillage in iKelambiriLima Kebun Village, Hamparan Perak District, Deli Serdang Regency is in accordance with the standards ifor handling COVID-19 basedion Circular LetteriNumberi8, i2020 concerningiCOVID-19 responseivillages iandithe confirmation that cashintensiveiworkiis alreadyirunning but not yet unning optimally. This is based on an analysis if seven indicators, namely:
4.4. Indicator of Education
It is one of the village's tasks in dealing with COVID-19 by forming a Team of VillageiVolunteers based on theiCirculariLetteriofithe Ministeriof Villages, Development ofiDisadvantaged Regions and Transmigration Number 8 of 2020 concerning COVID-19 response villages and affirmation ofivillageicashiintensiveiWork.
In this case, the Village Volunteer Team Against carries out education through outreach and provides information related to COVID-19, including symptoms, transmission methods, and preventive measures in Kelambir Lima Kebun Village, Hamparan Perak District. So, Asia form of preventive and handling action carried out by the Village Volunteer Team in handling COVID-19 to minimize the spread of COVID-19 in Kelambir Lima Kebun Village, Hamparan Perak District.
4.5. Indicator for Identifying Village Facilities
Indicators for identifying village facilities are one of the tasks of the COVID-19 Response Village Volunteer Team which is based on the Circular Letter of the Minister of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration Number i8 of i2020 concerning responsive villages and affirmation of village cash intensive work. In this case, the iCOVID-19 Response Village Volunteer Team identified village facilities to be used as village isolation rooms or to create sterilization rooms as a form of iCOVID-19 countermeasures in Kelambir Lima Kebun Village. There are two sub indicators carried out in this research, the first sub indicator is creating a village isolation room and the second sub indicator is creating a village sterilization room.
4.6. Indicator for Spraying Disinfectant
This indicator is part of the duties of iCOVID-19 Response Village Volunteers which are based on the Circular Letter of the Minister of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration Number i8 of i2020 concerning iCOVID-19 response villages and affirmation of village cash intensive work. In this case, the iCOVID-19 Response Village Volunteer Team has disinfected rooms and surfaces and has provided hand sanitizer in public places to prevent the spread of COVID-19.
4.7. Indicator Collaborating with Referral Hospitals or Community Health Centers
The indicator for collaborating with referral hospitals or community health centers is one of the tasks of the iCOVID-19 Response Village Volunteer Team which is based on the Circular Letter of the Minister of Villages, Development and Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration Number i8 of 2020 concerning COVID-19 response villages and affirmation of labor intensive care village cash. In this case, the COVID- 19 Response Village Volunteer Team carries out health checks of residents and informs them of the telephone number of the referral hospital or ambulance telephone number. For more details, the author explains as follows: Related to the sub-indicator: Collaborating with Referral Hospitals or Community Health Centers, namely by carrying out checks in residents' health carried out by the iCOVID-19 Response Village Volunteer Team as a form of prevention and handling of iCOVID-19 in Kelambir Lima Kebun Village.
4.8. Follow-up Indicator for Residents Entering Isolation Rooms
Based on the Circular of the Minister of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration Number 8 of 2020 concerning COVID-19 response villages and affirmation of village cashintensive work. For indicators of follow-up to residents who enter the isolation room, the author uses two sub-indicators, the first sub-indicator is making a visit and the second is contacting medical staff. The indicators with the two sub-indicators above are the tasks of the COVID-19 Response Village Volunteer Team.
4.9. Indicator of Coordination
This indicator is one of the tasks of the Village which is compiling the COVID- Response Volunteer Team which is based on the Circular Letter of the Minister of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration Number i8 of i2020 concerning COVID-19 response villages and the affirmation of village cash intensive work. In connection with this indicator, the author raised two subindicators in carrying out coordination, the first sub-indicator is planning and the second sub-indicator is carrying out communication related to iCOVID-19 to the Head of the District and Health UPTD of Kelambir Lima Kebun Village Health Center as a form of action for preventing and handling COVID-19. There are several obstacles in the implementation of the iCOVID-19 response village in Kelambir Lima Kebun Village, Hamparan Perak District, Deli Serdang Regency, namely.
4.10. Minimal Budget for Implementing the COVID-19 Response Village
To see the factors inhibiting the lack of budget in implementing the COVID-19 response village carried out by the iCOVID-19 Response Village Volunteer Team in Klambir Lima Kebun Village, Hamparan Perak District, Deli Serdang Regency. Village funds are funds sourced from the state revenue and expenditure budget which are intended to create village independence by carrying out development, development and empowerment of the community. The aim of providing village funds is to create an independent village by implementing community development and empowerment by utilizing the potential that exists in the village concerned. The priorities of these village funds are the development of superior products in rural areas, the development of village-owned enterprises, the construction of village reservoirs, and the construction of village sports facilities.
4.11. The Difficulty of Changing Society's Culture and Thinking Regarding COVID-19
To see the factors inhibiting the difficulty of changing people's culture and thinking regarding COVID-19, because at the beginning of the spread of iCOVID-19, people initially believed in it, but after a while people got fed up with the addition of policies that were illogical to them and based on the reality of what was happening amidst society. The public perceives information about the dangers of the iCOVID-19 pandemic as conveyed by the government and then relates it to the social realities that are occurring, forcing them to not fully believe in iCOVID-19. Such as crowd problems that must be avoided, policies not to carry out congregational prayers in mosques, prohibiting going home during eid, giving school children a day off and implementing online or online learning, apart from that the government opens access for foreign workers who are free to enter and leave Indonesia. Another thing is that there are many stories about the experiences of patients and families of patients who went to the hospital for treatment and were said to have been exposed to COVID 19. Stories like this are widespread in society and in the end, people seem to believe that COVID 19 does not exist.
4.12. Lack of Coordination
To see the factors inhibiting the lack of coordination in the implementation of the COVID-19 response village, the Village carried out by forming an iCOVID-19 response village Volunteer Team in Klambir Lima Kebun Village, Hamparan Perak District, Deli Serdang Regency. For example, imposing largescale social restrictions is given the authority of the provincial government, but there must be approval from the central government, which then attracts criticism. Then it seems that officials do not show empathy for the people, people are told not to leave the house, the policies they make actually attract crowds, such as the distribution of social assistance and queues for vaccines.
5. CONCLUSION
The research results show that the implementation of the COVID-19 response village in Kelambir Lima Kebun Village, Hamparan Perak District, Deli Serdang Regency is in accordance with the standards for handling iCOVID-19 based ion Circular Letter Number i8, i2020 concerning COVID-19 response villages and the confirmation that cash-intensive work is already running but not yet running optimally. There are several obstacles in the implementation of the iCOVID-19 response village in Kelambir Lima Kebun Village, Hamparan Perak District, Deli Serdang Regency, namely minimal budget for implementing the iCOVID-19 response village, the difficulty of changing society's culture and thinking regarding iCOVID-19, and lack of coordination.
5.1. From the Results of the Research above, the Suggestions in this Research are
- The iCOVID-19 response village in Kelambir Lima Kebun Village, Hamparan Perak District, Deli Serdang Regency to be more routine in providing information related to COVID-19, including symptoms, methods of transmission and preventive measures through available village media, such as proclaimed around the village, make billboards about iCOVID-19, and invite elite groups and the community in the village to work together to handle iCOVID-19.
- The COVID-19 response village in Kelambir Lima Kebun Village, Hamparan Perak District, Deli Serdang Regency are tightening health protocols and reducing entertainment and parties’ that have the potential to cause crowds and need to provide critical awareness to the community through outreach so that they realize the importance of preventing the spread of COVID i-19.
Acknowledgments
The authors have no specific acknowledgments to make for this research.
Funding Information
This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or notfor-profit sectors.
Author Contributions Statement
| Name of Author | C | M | So | Va | Fo | I | R | D | O | E | Vi | Su | P | Fu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mira Silvia Nasution | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| Humaizi | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| Tengku Irmayani | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
C: Conceptualization; M: Methodology; So: Software; Va: Validation; Fo: Formal analysis; I: Investigation; R: Resources; D: Data curation; O: Writing – original draft; E: Writing – review & editing; Vi: Visualization; Su: Supervision; P: Project administration; Fu: Funding acquisition.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
Informed Consent
All participants were informed about the purpose of the study, and their voluntary consent was obtained prior to data collection.
Ethical Approval
Not Applicable.
Data Availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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