Evaluation of radiological health hazard indices arising from diagnostic X-ray rooms

Abstract

Background: Healthcare workers occupationally exposed to diagnostic X-ray radiation face potential long-term health risks, making regular monitoring of radiation exposure and conformity with national protection standards essential.

Objective: To evaluate radiological health hazard indices among healthcare workers occupationally exposed to diagnostic X-ray radiation across multiple hospitals and assess conformity with national radiation protection standards.

Methods: A one-year prospective monitoring study (January 2, 2020 – December 31, 2021) was conducted at three hospitals: Central Hospital Agbor (40 personnel), Owa-Alero Hospital (21 personnel), and Okonye Hospital (18 personnel). Effective radiation dose was measured using thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD) worn over the lead apron at the chest region. Examination records (type, tube voltage, tube current, exposure time, film usage) were reviewed. Workers were categorized by occupational role. Measurements were taken at 1 meter from the primary X-ray source.

Results: Radiation doses across all three hospitals conformed to NCRP 70 and 116 guidelines. Radiologists consistently recorded the highest annual effective doses (2.55–5.01 mSv across hospitals), with radiology technicians also elevated (1.89–3.00 mSv). Dose levels were highest overall at Okonye Hospital, attributed to inadequate protective shielding.

Conclusion: While doses remained within NCRP limits, radiologists and radiology technicians face disproportionately higher exposure, particularly where shielding is inadequate. Strengthening protective shielding, especially at facilities like Okonye Hospital, is recommended.