Journal of Prevention, Diagnosis and Management of Human Diseases (JPDMHD) 2799-1202

Sensitivity of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Bacteria Isolated from the Urine of Patients with Urinary Tract Infections in Kirkuk City/ Iraq

Shukran Abdul Hussein Mohammed — 2024-06-03

This study was conducted to investigate the presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria causing urinary tract infections among patients suffering from urinary infections, to isolate and test their antibiotic sensitivity in order to identify the effective antimicrobial agent against them. A total of 136 urine samples were collected from individuals with urinary tract infections, aged 2 to 75 years, during the period from August 6, 2023, to November 16, 2023. The samples were cultured on MacConkey agar and blood agar. A positive growth was exhibited in 65 samples, accounting for 47%, while 71 samples did not show any bacterial growth, making up 52%. Out of these, 17 isolates were identified as Klebsiella, with a positivity rate of 26%, diagnosed through microscopic, cultivation, and biochemical tests. The study results indicated that Klebsiella pneumoniae was one of the most common pathogenic causes after E.coli bacteria. The Incidence of Klebsiella was higher in females than in males, with most infections occurring in married women more than in single women. Klebsiella bacteria showed a high resistance of 100% against Gentamycin, Rifampicin, Tetracycline, Ampicillin, and Cefoxitin, while the resistance rates varied for Imipenem, Tobramycin, Trimethoprim, with 76%, 52%, and 88% respectively. The sensitivity rates ranged for Chloramphenicol, Ofloxacin, Amikacin, and Azithromycin with 41%, 35%, 11%, and 17.

Assessment of Testosterone Levels, Kidney Function and Alkaline Phosphatase in Patients with Benign Prostatic Enlargement in Kirkuk City/Iraq

Dhafer Fayeq Ibrahim — 2024-06-03

The present study is designed to evaluate the concentration of Testosterone, Creatinine, Urea urea, and alkaline phosphatase levels in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. This study was conducted for the period from the beginning of October 2023 to the end of February 2024 at Kirkuk Hospital. General and specialized medical clinics in the city of Kirkuk. The study included (70) males with benign prostatic hyperplasia, ages (45-75) years, and average weight (82) kg. In addition to 20 samples of healthy people with the same rate of ages and weights of patients, study samples were distributed as follows: The first group: the control group and included (20) healthy males, and the second group: the patient group and distributed to three groups according to the age groups first category ( 45-55) years and included 25 patients, the second age group (56-65) years and included 20 patients, the third age group (66-75) years and included 25 patients. The results of the current study showed a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the concentration of urea, creatinine and alkaline phosphatase enzyme in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia compared to healthy people, and the current study showed a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in testosterone concentration in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia compared to healthy people. According to age groups, the results showed no significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in the concentrations of urea, creatinine and alkaline phosphatase enzyme in patients with prostatic hyperplasia, and the results showed a significant decrease (p≤ 0.05) in the concentration of testosterone according to the age groups of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Insights Into Mental Health, Lifestyle Patterns, and Academic Attitudes among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Dr. Muhammad Imamuzzaman — 2024-06-03

Medical students are more likely to be affected by mental health conditions due to their academic pressure. So, it is very important to have up-to-date information about it. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 406 randomly selected medical students. Participants gave informed verbal consent, and data collection was done through face-to-face interviews. Quality control measures were in place, and data confidentiality was ensured. Participants had the right to withdraw without providing a reason. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0, with results presented using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Respondents of the current study were between 18 to 27 years with a mean age of 22.7±1.8 years. The majority 249(61.3%) were Muslim and 349(85.9%) were single. Of the students, 214(52.7%) had psychological distress and a significant 296(72.9%) respondents had a positive attitude towards medical education but 223(54.9%) of them thought that their current study was not enough. Near cent 368(90.7%) had normal mental health before medical admission. Around 191(47.1%) students had no general anxiety disorder and only 27(6.7%) were required to have mental health services. A significant 256(63.1%) respondents consume good food quality and around half 183(45.1%) were non-smokers. Near one-fourth 96(23.6%) had a sedentary lifestyle. The majority 284(69.9%) of respondents maintain a good relationship with their Only 148(36.5%) had a low level of emotional exhaustion. Conclusion: Medical students were suffering from psychological distress. Students' mental health conditions were good before admission to medical college and some of them were required to have mental health services. Students were suffering from different types of mental health conditions. Students usually consume healthy and good-quality food while most of them are non-smokers. The majority of respondents had an active lifestyle and also good relations with their parents. A significant number had low levels of emotional exhaustion.

Isolation and Diagnosis of Bacteria and Fungi from Some Areas of Tikrit and Some Villages

Marwa M.Mahdi — 2024-06-04

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the amount of air pollution caused by bacteria and fungi in specific areas of Tikrit, including the Al-Alam area, Al-Bu Ajil, Al-Buhyazaa, and the village of Al-Karaat. The study was conducted in November and January of 2021–2022, using petri dishes filled with nutrient agar (potato dextrose agar, or PDA) distributed throughout the study areas. The petri dish was left open for fifteen minutes before being closed and incubated with an incubator. After that, the dish was closed and the species was allowed to grow on the media, including isolates and differential media like Macconkey agar and Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB). For microscopical diagnosis, gram stain was applied to the bacterial samples, and fungal stain Lactophenol was used for fungus isolates. The findings of the current study showed that the proportion of Penicillium sp colonies colonized agricultural areas was twice as high, particularly in the Albu-Ajil area, where the dish G2.1 had more than 96 colonies, which was twice or three times more than the rest of the petri dishes in the study area for remote areas. This is because the area had ideal growth conditions in terms of temperature, humidity, and other factorsThe analysis revealed that the majority of bacteria were negative, particularly those belonging to the genus Klebsiella sp. which showed that it could grow on a Macconkey agar dish in Tikrit, the village of Al-Karaat, and Al-Alam. This suggests that it can grow in a variety of environments. However, in the Albu Hayaza area, no bacterial growth was found on the Macconkey agar dish, which was designated with the symbol 3.1 H. This could be because the environmental conditions at the time were insufficient for bacterial growth.

Antibacterial Activitiy of Triterpeniod Compounds

Qutaiba Saleh Essa — 2024-06-04

The goal of the study was to ascertain whether particular pathogenic bacteria could be inhibited by triterpeniod substances obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) extracts. The time frame for completing this construction was July 2023–April 2024. At the beginning, 100 specimens were taken from patients who were undergoing treatment at the Burn Cure Center in Nineveh Governorate, Iraq Routine biochemical testing were used to determine burn infections caused by bacteria, and the Vitek2 compact system was used to confirm the diagnosis. Acinetobacter baumani and Pseudomonas auroginosa were the most common isolates. In order to extract the substance, rosemary (R. officinalis) leaves were air-dried in the shade and then processed into a fine powder using a grinding machine. A soxhlet device was used to extract 50 g of powdered leaves for six hours at 40–60 °C using 250 ml of 75% petroleum ether. Afterwards, the mixture was dried out at 40°C in a rotating evaporator. After being weighed, the extract residue was stored until needed. Using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), the crude extract was examined. Ursolic acid (1.38), oleanolic acid (3.27), and other triterpeniod substances with varying ratios were identified by GC-MS analysis. The antibacterial activity of triterpeniod compounds was assessed at concentrations of 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100% using the well-diffusion Kirby-Bauer method. The test was evaluated in comparison to six bacterial strains. The results indicated that staphylococcus aureus (50%:22mm – 100%: 26mm), staphylococcus haemolyticus (100%: 17mm), and Acinetobacter baumani (50%:18mm – 100%: 22mm) had the highest inhibitory.