Policy responses to food insecurity during economic crises: a comparative study of two west african countries (ghana and nigeria)

Abstract

The study provides a comparison between the responses of Ghana and Nigeria to food insecurity in cases of economic crises. Both nations are endowed with strong agricultural resources, but still experience severe food shortages, particularly in times of deteriorating economic situations. The study was based on the effectiveness of various government policies in assisting individuals to procure adequate food in times of need. The study adopted a survey approach to gather data on households in the two nations and evaluated their food security, coping behaviors, and perceptions of government policies. It was established that food shortages occur in many households in Ghana and Nigeria, but the situation is more critical in Nigeria. The coping strategies used by families include decreasing the size of meals, eliminating meals, borrowing, or selling assets. Although the Ghana policies, such as the agricultural subsidies and social protection schemes, are considered to be useful, the Nigerian concentration on the emergency food aid and economic diversification has also played a role. The findings indicate that the two nations are improving, although there are still difficulties. Ghana has been able to enhance food security and availability, whereas Nigeria has seen an increase in agricultural production and a bit less dependency on food aid. The study concludes that even though the policies are coming in positive ways, further effort is required to ensure that food security is guaranteed to everyone, and the most vulnerable in particular. To make improvements lasting, stronger policy implementation, improved price controls of food, and continuous monitoring are suggested.