Knowledge, attitude, and practice of parents of under-five children with otitis media at the Mampong Municipal Hospital, Ghana

Abstract

Background: Otitis media is a common childhood ear condition that may cause hearing loss, communication difficulties, and poor school performance when not detected and treated early. Parental knowledge and practices are important for prevention and timely care, particularly among children under five years.

Objective: To assess the knowledge, perceptions, and practices of parents of under-five children regarding otitis media at Mampong Municipal Hospital, Ghana.

Methods: A descriptive qualitative design was used. Fifteen participants were purposively selected. Data were collected through interviews and analyzed thematically to identify key patterns and themes.

Results: Parents demonstrated general awareness of otitis media, mainly gained from health facilities, although various local terms were used to describe the condition. Perceived causes included inserting objects into the ears, swimming, overcrowding, poor bathing practices, communal play, and corporal punishment. Participants recognized possible effects on hearing, communication, sleep, appetite, and school performance and understood that untreated infection could cause serious complications. Most parents believed otitis media was curable and preferred seeking treatment at healthcare facilities.

Conclusion: Parents demonstrated reasonable understanding of otitis media, its causes, consequences, and the importance of professional treatment. However, misconceptions and potentially harmful practices remain. Consistent, targeted health education should be provided to parents, including during prenatal care, focusing on symptoms, prevention, and appropriate healthcare-seeking.