The Epidemiology of Avian Influenza and its Significance for Public Health

Abstract

One of the current greatest risks to public health is avian influenza (AI), which originated from the animal reservoir. Therefore the objective of this seminar is to describe the available of epidemiological aspects of AI and to concisely mention public health importance of avian influenza. Although influenza infections in poultry, mainly chickens and turkeys, might go undetected, they frequently lead to production losses and a variety of clinical illnesses ranging in severity from moderate to severe in flocks that are affected. Both the fecal-oral pathway and aerosols can be used to disseminate avian influenza viruse.The majority of LPAI virus transmission occurs through the respiratory route, despite the fact that fecal shedding might occasionally be considerable. Poultry influenza Viruses are categorized as Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) or Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza (LPAI) based on how sick and potentially fatal they can make chickens in a laboratory environment. Serious respiratory symptoms, pneumonia, and even mortality, can be brought on by HPAI viruses. By isolating the virus in eggs or cell cultures, or by checking for viral protein, viral nucleic acid, or AI virus antibodies, it is feasible to determine whether someone has been exposed to the AI virus or has become infected with it.Both adamantine and neuraminidase inhibitors, which both block a viral protein, are examples of antiviral drugs that used to prevent and cure influenza. Therefore, for disasters, there should be enabling legislation and an emergency management system (i.e., HPAI incursion) and should be made prompt medical attention and yearly vaccinations.