Data Availability Statement

Data Availability Statement

All authors are required to include a Data Availability Statement in their manuscript, placed as a separate section after the Conclusion and before the References. This statement must describe whether the data, sources, or materials supporting the research findings are available, and if so, how they can be accessed.

Acceptable statements:

If data are in a public repository: “The data/materials supporting this study are openly available in [Repository Name] at [DOI or URL].”

If data are available on request: “The data/materials supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.”

If data cannot be shared: “The data supporting the findings of this study are not publicly available due to [reason, e.g., ethical or legal restrictions] but may be requested from the corresponding author with appropriate institutional permission.”

If no new data were generated (review articles, theoretical papers): “No new data were generated or analysed in support of this research.”

Authors are encouraged to deposit research data in recognised open repositories (e.g., Zenodo, Figshare, OSF) and to cite deposited datasets in the reference list using a full citation including DOI.