Retraction and Correction Policy

Retraction and Correction Policy

The Journal of Legal Subjects (JLS) is committed to maintaining the integrity of the scholarly record. We follow the COPE Retraction Guidelines in all cases of post-publication corrections.

CORRECTIONS (Erratum / Corrigendum)

Minor errors that do not affect the findings or conclusions will be addressed via a published Corrigendum. The original article will be linked to the correction notice via CrossMark.

RETRACTIONS

Articles will be retracted when: (1) the findings are unreliable due to misconduct, honest error, fabrication, or falsification; (2) findings have been previously published without proper attribution (redundant publication); (3) the work constitutes plagiarism or involves unethical research. Retracted articles remain accessible online and are clearly marked as retracted with a dated public notice explaining the reason.

EXPRESSIONS OF CONCERN

Where an investigation is ongoing or incomplete, the editors may issue an Expression of Concern. This will be updated or replaced once the matter is resolved.

PROCESS

Authors and readers may raise concerns via editor.jls@gmail.com. The Editor-in-Chief will acknowledge receipt within 5 working days and initiate an investigation per COPE guidelines. Authors will be given the opportunity to respond before a final decision is made.