Differences in smartphone addiction between male and female adolescents
Keywords:
Addiction, Adolescence, Gender, Male and Female, Smartphone Addiction.Abstract
Background: Smartphone use among adolescents has increased sharply worldwide, with adolescents representing one of the largest user groups. While smartphones offer benefits such as communication, entertainment, and access to information, excessive use has been linked to smartphone addiction, a behavioral attachment pattern associated with sleep disturbance, anxiety, aggression, and impaired daily functioning. Prior research suggests gender-based differences in smartphone use patterns, but findings on whether these translate into differences in addiction severity remain inconsistent. Objective: To examine whether smartphone addiction differs between male and female adolescents residing in South Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: A non-experimental, differential research design was used. Participants were 100 adolescents (50 male, 50 female) aged 10–24 years, recruited via quota sampling from universities and schools in South Jakarta. Smartphone addiction was assessed using the validated Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), comprising six dimensions: daily-life disturbance, positive anticipation, withdrawal, cyberspace-oriented relationship, overuse, and tolerance. Group differences were analyzed using an independent-samples t-test in JASP (version 0.16.0). Results: Female adolescents reported significantly higher overall smartphone addiction scores (M = 141.06, SD = 25.42) than male adolescents (M = 113.94, SD = 21.52), t(98) = 5.758, p < .001. Females scored significantly higher on all six SAS dimensions (all p < .001). Duration of smartphone use was positively associated with addiction severity, F = 2.798, p < .05, with adolescents using smartphones for more than five hours daily reporting the highest scores. Communication was the most common purpose of use across both genders. Conclusion: Female adolescents in South Jakarta exhibit significantly higher smartphone addiction than male adolescents, across all measured dimensions. Findings support the development of gender-sensitive prevention and intervention strategies targeting excessive smartphone use. Generalizability is limited by the use of quota/convenience sampling; future studies should employ random sampling to strengthen external validity.
References
M. E. Parlak, E. Öz, M. Y. Özbey, and Y. Kapıcı, 'Smartphone addiction and sleep quality in adolescents', Med Sci Discov, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 35-40, Jan. 2023. doi.org/10.36472/msd.v10i1.864
Y. Pusparisa, Daftar negara pengguna smartphone terbanyak, Indonesia urutan berapa? .
D. M. Sukma, Hubungan stres akademik dengan kecenderungan smartphone addiction pada mahasiswa psikologi Mercu Buana Yogyakarta. 2019.
S. Kaya and M. Kaya, 'Investigation of smartphone addiction levels among university students', Int J Psychol Educ Stud, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 14-25, 2020. doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2020.03.002
A. Diananda, 'Psikologi remaja dan permasalahannya', J ISTIGHNA, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 116-133, 2019. doi.org/10.33853/istighna.v1i1.20
L. P. Waty and E. Fourianalistyawati, 'Dinamika kecanduan telepon pintar (smartphone) pada remaja dan trait mindfulness sebagai alternatif solusi', Seurune J Psikol Unsyiah, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 84-101, 2018. doi.org/10.24815/s-jpu.v1i2.11573
M. Muflih, H. Hamzah, and W. A. Puniawan, 'Penggunaan smartphone dan interaksi sosial pada remaja di SMA Negeri I Kalasan Sleman Yogyakarta', Idea Nurs J, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 12-18, 2017.
S. Ratnasari and J. Suleeman, 'Perbedaan regulasi emosi perempuan dan laki-laki di perguruan tinggi', J Psikol Sos, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 35-46, 2017. doi.org/10.7454/jps.2017.4
U. Hasanah, U. R. Hijrianti, and I. Iswinarti, 'Pengaruh smartphone addiction terhadap perilaku agresif pada remaja', Proyeksi, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 182-191, 2020. doi.org/10.30659/jp.15.2.182-191
M. Kwon, J. Y. Lee, W. Y. Won, J. W. Park, J. A. Min, and C. Hahn, 'Development and validation of a Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS)', PLoS One, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1-7, 2013. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056936
T. Mulyati and F. Nrh, 'Kecanduan smartphone ditinjau dari kontrol diri dan jenis kelamin pada Siswa SMA Mardisiswa Semarang', J Empati, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 152-161, 2018.
S. Saragih, 'masih ada warga DKI Jakarta tak punya telepon seluler', JakartaBisnis, Feb. 2019.
R. Lestari and I. Sulian, 'Faktor-faktor penyebab siswa kecanduan handphone studi deskriptif pada siswa di SMP Negeri 13 kota Bengkulu', Cons J Ilm Bimbing dan Konseling, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 23-37, 2020. doi.org/10.33369/consilia.v3i1.9473
B. Kaya and S. Gunes, 'The Relationship between smartphone addiction and identity development among adolescents', Res Educ Psychol, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 39-50, June 2023. doi.org/10.54535/rep.1266606
M. Kwon, D. Kim, H. Cho, and S. Yang, 'The Smartphone Addiction Scale: Development and validation of a short version for adolescents', PLoS One, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 1-7, 2013. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083558
F. J. Gravetter, L.-A. Forzano, and T. Rakow, Research methods for the behavioural sciences. Cengage Learning, EMEA. 2021.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2024 Amalia Hanna Bahagianti Sajidah, Irnawati Jayanti, Namira Rahman, Aries Yulianto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
