Malabar spinach (Basella alba) seed as potential marker ink

Valerie Jeanelle Benoya; Sophia Rebalde; Aljelyn Saldariega; Alia Jean Sawangan; Ypryll Mae Balogbog

doi:10.55529/ijrise.51.63.77

Authors

Valerie Jeanelle Benoya Association of Science and Math Coaches of the Philippines, Philippine Association of Teacher and Educational Leader Philippine, Institute of 21'st Century Educators, Inc., Philippines.
Sophia Rebalde Association of Science and Math Coaches of the Philippines, Philippine Association of Teacher and Educational Leader Philippine, Institute of 21'st Century Educators, Inc., Philippines.
Aljelyn Saldariega Association of Science and Math Coaches of the Philippines, Philippine Association of Teacher and Educational Leader Philippine, Institute of 21'st Century Educators, Inc., Philippines.
Alia Jean Sawangan 5Association of Science and Math Coaches of the Philippines, Philippine Association of Teacher and Educational Leader Philippine, Institute of 21'st Century Educators, Inc., Philippines.
Ypryll Mae Balogbog Association of Science and Math Coaches of the Philippines, Philippine Association of Teacher and Educational Leader Philippine, Institute of 21'st Century Educators, Inc., Philippines.

Keywords:

Malabar Spinach, Sustainable Ink, Plant-Based Pigments, Eco-Friendly Alternatives, Ink Formulation

Abstract

This study explores the potential of Malabar spinach (Basella alba) seeds as a sustainable alternative for permanent marker ink production. Two formulations were developed using maceration, combining seed extract with alcohol and vinegar. The resulting ink exhibited dark purple pigmentation, fast drying times (20–25 seconds), good adhesion, and smudge resistance comparable to commercial inks. Viscosity tests indicated smooth application, while odor assessments confirmed a mild scent. Shelf-life analysis demonstrated ink stability for several weeks under controlled conditions. Statistical analysis using SPSS, including ANOVA, validated its viability by comparing color intensity, drying time, and durability against standard inks.

Results indicate that Malabar spinach seed ink provides an eco-friendly alternative to petroleum-based inks, reducing exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and promoting sustainability. Additionally, its ease of extraction and cost-effectiveness make it a practical option for ink production. Further research is recommended to improve long-term stability, explore natural preservatives, and conduct a cost-benefit analysis for large-scale manufacturing. This study contributes to the advancement of plant-based ink technologies and supports sustainable innovation.