Nutrition and polycystic ovary syndrome: emerging evidence for dietary management

Abstract

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder that affects women of reproductive age. Its characteristics include ovulatory failure, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and an increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and infertility.

Objective: This review aims to examine the current evidence on the role of nutrition in PCOS management, focusing on dietary patterns, micronutrients, dietary supplements, gut microbiota, lifestyle interventions, and emerging nutritional approaches.

Methods: A narrative review of recent literature was conducted using peer-reviewed studies, clinical guidelines, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials published on nutrition and PCOS management.

Results: Research suggests that dietary interventions can enhance insulin sensitivity, weight control, and metabolic health in women with PCOS, including the Mediterranean diet, DASH diet, low-glycemic index diets, and calorie-restricted methods. Vitamin D, inositol, omega-3 fatty acids, and probiotics are examples of nutritional supplements that have shown promise in enhancing hormonal and metabolic outcomes.

Conclusion: Nutritional management is a cornerstone of PCOS treatment and can significantly improve metabolic and reproductive outcomes. Even while the results are encouraging, further high-caliber research is required to develop individualized, scientifically supported dietary guidelines for women with PCOS.